Millions of people around the world cook their food over a smoky fire every day.  It is often difficult to find wood for the fire. ghd glatte People who do not have wood must spend large amounts of money on cooking fuel. However, there is a much easier way to cook food using energy from the sun.  Solar cookers, or ovens, have been used for centuries. A Swiss scientist made the first solar oven in seventeen sixty-seven. ghd straightener Today, people are using solar cookers in many countries around the world. People use solar ovens to cook food and to heat drinking water to kill bacteria and other harmful organisms.

The "Easy Lid" solar box cooker There are three kinds of solar ovens.  The first is a box cooker.  It is designed with a special wall that shines or reflects sunlight into the box. ghd hair straightener Heat gets trapped under a piece of glass or plastic covering the top of the cooker. metal zipper A box oven is effective for slow cooking of large amounts of food. 

The second kind of solar oven is a panel cooker. endoscope It includes several flat walls, or panels, that directly reflect the sun's light onto the food. The food is inside a separate container of plastic or glass that traps heat energy. People can build panel world of warcraft gold cookers quickly and with very few supplies. They do not cost much. In Kenya, for example, panel cookers are being manufactured for just two dollars.

The third kind of solar oven is a parabolic cooker.  It has rounded walls that aim sunlight directly into the bottom of the oven. buy ffxiv gil Food cooks quickly in parabolic ovens. However, these cookers are hard to make.  They must be re-aimed often to follow the sun. Parabolic cookers can also cause burns and eye injuries if they are not used correctly.

You can make solar ovens from boxes or heavy paper. They will not catch fire. Paper burns at two hundred thirty-two degrees Celsius. Napkin machine A solar cooker never gets that hot. Solar ovens cook food at low temperatures over long periods of time. This permits people to leave food to cook while they do other things.YWJ

The traditional definition of an entrepreneur is a person who organizes and accepts the risks of a new business. Entrepreneurs may cheap ffxiv gil have a new product or service to offer. Or they may have ideas for new ways to do business. But an entrepreneurial spirit does not have to be limited to the business world. Lately we hear wow leveling more and more about social entrepreneurs. What they do is similar; they might even act like business entrepreneurs. They might invest money in projects or get others to support them.

But social entrepreneurs say they are not guided by a desire for profits. Their most important goal, they say, Saw blade is to create social value. They organize and support programs that aim to improve conditions in communities. Social entrepreneurs say they look for solutions to needs without leaving them to government or industry to solve. tattoo equipment And they say they try to spread the solution. In other words, to change the system, they try to get whole societies to change.

There are many historical examples of people who might be called social entrepreneurs. Susan B. Anthony, for example, tattoo machine fought for women's rights in the United States. Vinoba Bhave created the Land Gift Movement to help India's poor and landless. Britain's Florence Nightingale, the mother of modern nursing, established a school for nurses and fought for better hospital conditions. ghd glätteisen And Mary Montessori of Italy improved teaching methods for early childhood education.

These are some of the examples given by Ashoka, ghd rettetang a nonprofit group in the United States. Over the past twenty years, there has been extraordinary growth in social entrepreneurship. Some students coming out of the best business schools now seriously consider it as a career. And one organization that has helped fuel this growth is Ashoka.

Bill Drayton started the group in nineteen eighty. Ashoka says it works on three levels. It supports individual social entrepreneurs, both financially and professionally. It also helps them connect with others around the world, ghd planchas so they can spread their ideas and build long-term support. And, thirdly, Ashoka says it helps build the financial systems needed to support the growth of social entrepreneurship. YWJ

President Bill Clinton left office in January of two thousand one.  Since then, he has been leading a private foundation active on a number of world issues. aion power leveling These include H.I.V/AIDS, health security and climate change. buy ffxiv account Other projects involve poverty reduction, leadership development and working toward racial, ethnic and religious understanding.

The Clinton Foundation forms partnerships with individuals, buying wow gold organizations and governments.  For the past two years, in New York, the former president has held a meeting of the Clinton Global Initiative. ffxiv gil Each invited guest must make a promise to work toward one of the foundation's goals. The idea is that the foundation will then observe the progress made toward the commitment over the next year.

Richard Branson (l) with Bill Clinton The second Clinton Global Initiative meeting took place for three days in September. Tissue paper machine At the end, the foundation announced commitments worth more than seven thousand million dollars. Resin zipper These included a three thousand million dollar commitment by Richard Branson to fight global warming. Mister Branson is chief executive officer of Britain's Virgin Group.

The Clinton Foundation says more than one thousand leaders of business, government and nongovernmental organizations attended this year. sell wow account They were joined by almost fifty current and former heads of state. Last year, more than two thousand million dollars worth of commitments were made. One of the major programs that Mister Clinton has launched is an H.I.V./AIDS campaign. conveyor parts For example, he has negotiated lower prices for H.I.V. tests and AIDS drugs in developing countries. 

On the issue of climate change, the Clinton Foundation has a program for large cities to work together to buy energy-saving products. chainsaw parts The goal is to reduce the amount of pollution released into the atmosphere. The cities also receive technical assistance from experts. Bill Clinton and his foundation are also active on other issues. There is even a campaign to work with schools and food companies to reduce the problem of overweight children in America. YWJ

Nanotechnology uses matter at the level of molecules and atoms. acheter kamas Researchers are finding different uses for particles with a length of one nanometer, rolex or one-billionth of a meter. These include things like beauty products and dirt-resistant clothing. But one area where many experts believe nanotechnology holds great promise is medicine.

Last week, speakers at a program in Washington discussed using nanotechnology to improve health care in developing countries. Boltless shelving The program took place at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Peter Singer at the University of Toronto says a nanotechnology called quantum dots could be steel shelving used to confirm cases of malaria. He says it could offer a better way than the traditional process of looking at a person's blood under a microscope.

In poor countries, this process is often not followed. As a result, Monorail trolley sick people may get treated for malaria even if they do not have it. Such misuse of medicines can lead to drug resistance. Quantum dots are particles that give off turn roller light when activated. Researchers are studying ways to program them to identify diseases by lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.

Experts say nanotechnology shows promise not just for diagnosing diseases, but also for treating them. Piotr Grodzinski of the National Institutes dofus gold of Health talked about how nanotechnology could make drugs more effective. He talked about cancer drugs already developed with nanotechnology. wow gold sellers He says if a drug can target a cancer locally in the body, then much less of it might be needed, and that means lower side effects.  

Andrew Maynard is chief scientist for the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies at the Woodrow Wilson Center. He noted that Brazil, India, China and South Africa are currently doing nanotechnology research that could help poor countries. aion kinah But he also noted that there is some risk in using nano-materials. He says nanometer-sized particles behave differently in the body and the environment compared to larger particles. Experts say more investment in research is needed to better understand these risks. YWJ

As many as twenty countries will be the first to receive assistance from a new effort to improve African agriculture. air classic The Gates and Rockefeller foundations in the United States recently announced the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa. air classic bw Their joint effort will begin with what they call a first investment of one hundred fifty million dollars in a seed program known as PASS. PASS is the Program for Africa's Seed Systems. The money is to go toward seeds that can produce bigger harvests in conditions south of the Sahara.

To be chosen for the project, nike bw countries must be able to support agricultural research systems.  Countries with civil unrest or governments unwilling to carry out the program will not be involved. Between the nineteen forties and sixties, air air bw the Rockefeller Foundation helped launch the "Green Revolution" in Latin America and Asia. Norman Borlaug, known as the father of the Green Revolution, was a Rockefeller Foundation scientist. 

He won the Nobel Peace Prize for his work on improved crops and changes in farming methods.  Farmers increased their use of fertilizers and pesticide chemicals, air shoes and irrigation systems to water crops.  Food production sharply increased and helped prevent widespread hunger. The project in Africa has similar goals. tn chaussures One is to develop new seeds that resist disease and dry conditions. Another goal is to make sure those seeds reach farmers, along with fertilizers, chemicals and knowledge of farming.  Still another is to invest in training future agricultural scientists in Africa.

Asia's Green Revolution centered on wheat and rice. chaussures nike tn But experts say no single crop will revolutionize farming in Africa because farmers there grow a mixture of different crops.  Experts say the project will have to deal with dry conditions, poor soil quality and other realities of farming in southern Africa. nike shox rivalry Crops are often grown year after year in the same fields, so the soil loses all of its nutrients. At the same time, though, there is concern about too much use of fertilizers. 

Separately, American businessman George Soros says he will give fifty million dollars over five years to a United Nations project in Africa. shox nike The Millennium Village program sends experts into African communities to improve health care, education and farming. YWJ

Developing countries were the main subject last week at yearly meetings of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. north face bionic Finance ministers met for two days in Singapore. Members of the I.M.F. approved reform measures that aim to increase the voting power of countries with growing economies. fleece jacket As a first step, they agreed to increases in the voting rights for China, South Korea, Mexico and Turkey. These four countries were considered the least represented given the size of their economies.

The fund has one hundred eighty-four members. north face down Currently, the weight of each government's vote is based on the amount of money it provides to the international lender.  China, South Korea, buy aion kinah Mexico and Turkey will increase their I.M.F. shareholdings, so their voting rights will increase. The reforms call for the I.M.F. to develop a way to rebalance voting rights for other countries within two years. 

Critics say the United States and other Western nations have too much influence in the fund.  Aid groups and activists have been gucci shoes for women pressuring the I.M.F. and World Bank to give poor countries more power in those organizations. Another issue discussed in Singapore was corruption in the aid process.  World Bank President Paul Wolfowitz said good governance is the fastest way out of poverty.  Without it, gucci boots for women he said, all other reforms are meaningless.  He also urged rich nations to take action against companies doing dishonest business in developing countries.

Humanitarian groups say they worry that too much effort to prevent and punish corruption could stop aid from reaching those most in need. classic air But World Bank officials say they will withdraw from projects only when dishonest officials are clearly not interested in reform. Mister Wolfowitz and I.M.F. chief Rodrigo de Rato also called for increased aid for the poorest countries, especially in Africa. classic max At the same time, the World Bank president said partly developed, or middle-income, countries should not be forgotten in the fight against poverty.

The two leaders expressed concern that high oil prices, international trade imbalances and barriers to trade could harm economic growth. They said the best ways to continue growth are to save energy and to restart world trade talks. bw classic Negotiations were suspended in July over disputes about agricultural trade. And that's the VOA Special English Development Report, written by Jill Moss. You can download transcripts and archives of our reports at voaspecialenglish.com. I'm Shep O'Neal.YWJ

This is the VOA Special English Development Report. timberland shoes discount Robert Zoellick is President Bush's choice to head the World Bank. He is fifty-three years old and currently a vice chairman at Goldman Sachs, timberland boots for women the New York investment bank. He has held a number of government positions over the years. From two thousand one to two thousand five he served as the United States trade representative. He helped launch the Doha Round of world trade talks which were suspended last July. He also worked on free trade agreements with Singapore, Chile, Australia and Morocco.  

In two thousand five, President Bush asked Mister Zoellick to become deputy secretary of state. There, timberland on sale he helped negotiate a peace agreement between the government of Sudan and rebels in Darfur. That agreement later collapsed. He resigned in June of last year to join Goldman Sachs. But last week, wholesale mbt shoes President Bush nominated Bob Zoellick to a five-year term as the eleventh president of the World Bank. The board of governors at the bank is expected to confirm the choice to replace Paul Wolfowitz.

Mister Wolfowitz resigned last month; his last day is June thirtieth. mbt shoes cheap An investigation found that he violated bank rules in two thousand five when he negotiated a pay increase for his girlfriend, sell mbt shoes a bank employee. He denied any wrongdoing and said bank officials shared responsibility for the dispute. He joined the bank as president in two thousand five after serving as deputy secretary of defense. 

European nations led efforts to remove Paul Wolfowitz, christian louboutin sandals accusing him of corruption over the pay issue. But they generally did not support a change in the appointment process. Traditionally, christian louboutin wedding shoes the United States has appointed the World Bank chief while Europe has chosen leaders for the International Monetary Fund. The two lenders were created in the nineteen forties.

Some countries, however, have criticized the sixty-year-old tradition. They say it makes the development lenders into tools of rich nations. Brazil, north face backpacks South Africa and Australia urged the United States to appoint a new bank president using an open process not limited by nationality. YWJ